Paralel Structure
PARALEL STRUCTURE
Parallel structure atau parallelism berarti elemen-elemen kalimat yang
memiliki fungsi yang sama menggunakan konstruksi atau pola gramatikal
yang sama pula.
Elemen-elemen kalimat tersebut meliputi word (kata), phrase (frasa), maupun clause (klausa). Menggunakan parallel structure dalam kalimat akan membuat tulisan menjadi lebih jelas
dan menyenangkan untuk dibaca.
Jenis-jenis paralel structure:
1.
Parallelism diterapkan pada elemen-elemen yang dihubungkan oleh coordinate conjunction (and, or, etc). Di dalam suatu lists (daftar)
atau series (rangkaian), jika
elemen-elemen yang dihubungkan diawali oleh article (a, an, the) atau preporsition (to, at, in, etc), maka article atau preporsition tersebut
digunakan pada setiap elemen atau hanya pada elemen yang pertama saja.
Contoh:
The
girl is pretty, smart, diligent, and rich.
Do you
like milk or coffee?
The show will be held in Bandung, Jakarta, Semarang,
and Yogyakarta.
2.
Parallelism diterapkan pada elemen-elemen yang
dihubungkan correlative conjuction.
Ada
beberapa macam correlative conjunction, yaitu:
Not only............but
also.......
Both..................and.............
Neither..............nor.................
Either.................or.....................
Correlative
conjuction diatas haruslah berpasangan 1 sama lain, tidak boleh tertukar, misal
: not only.............and . itu salah, dan kalimat setelahnya haruslah 1 jenis
dengan kalimat sebelumnya.
Contohnya:
·
This book not only for you but
also for your brother.
·
According to this proposal, by 2030 all new building should operate as
carbon neutral, that is, requiring no emission of greenhouse gases, either
directly or indirectly, to operate.
3.
Parallelism diterapkan pada elemen-elemen yang
dibandingkan (comparison).
Contohnya:
·
I like dancing better
than singing.
·
sinta is more
beautiful than ratna
·
this handphone is cheaper than television.
4.
Kata hubung Parallelism menggunakan
or, as, but, than, although.
Contoh :
- They are my bestfriend tami and dita
(mereka adalah teman baik ku tami dan dita)
- I miss you although I
hate you (aku merindukan mu walaupun aku membenci mu)
- we will meet you or call
you (kami akan bertemu dengan mu atau memanggil mu)
- I will meet you and hug
you (aku akan bertemu dengan mu dan memeluk mu)
perlu diketahui, bahwa untuk
menentukan paralel structure harus bertipe gramatikal yang sama, jika mau noun,
maka harus naoun semua(untuk paralel structurenya), jika mau verb, maka verb
semua, dst..
untuk lebih jelas, kita lihat
kalimat dibawah ini:
1.
I like murottal, art, and poem.
(Saya
suka murottal, seni dan puisi.)
Keterangan:
murottal, art, poem sama-sama
merupakan noun
2.
This questions is simple but difficult.
(Pertanyaan
ini sederhana tapi sulit.)
Keterangan:
Simple dan difficult sama-sama
merupakan adjective
3.
rina cried and screamed yesterday
when she was sad.
(rina menangis dan berteriak ketika dia sedih kemarin.)
Keterangan:
cried and screamed sama-sama
merupakan past tense
4.
I bought this book not for you but for my little sister.
(Saya
membelikan buku
ini bukan untuk kamu tapi untuk adik perempuan
saya.)
Keterangan:
you, my little sister sama-sama
merupakan noun phrase
5.
I likes coding rather
than running.
(saya lebih suka koding daripada berlari.)
Keterangan:
coding, running sama-sama
merupakan gerund.
6.
we want to paint my classroom and to buy a new table.
(kami ingin mengecat ruang kelas kami
dan membeli meja
baru.)
Keterangan:
to
paint, to buy sama-sama merupakan to
infinitive.
7.
He had taken a shower and had
eaten his breakfast
by the time i
got to my house.
(Dia sudah mandi dan dia sudah sarapan
saat saya sampai di rumah saya)
Keterangan:
had
taken, had eaten sama-sama merupakan past perfect tense
Contoh lebih lanjut:
Kita akan mencari verb, subject,
clause, dan paralel structure pada kalimat berikut:
Ket: Verb: blue
Subject: red
Clause : Underline (jika ada)
Paralel structure: italic
1.
Designing for bicycle commuting is neither expensive nor difficult, so it should be standard in every office building, shopping mall, campus building and other urban institutional and commercial uses. (Source:Green Building A to Z, jerry Yudelson).
2.
According to this proposal, by 2030 all new building should operate as
carbon neutral, that is, requiring no emission of greenhouse gases, either directly
or indirectly, to operate. (Source:Green Building A to Z, jerry
Yudelson).
3.
....among the North american cities making this commitment are seattle,
sacramento, porland(OR), Tucson, San Fransisco, Calgary, and Madison(WI). (Source:Green
Building A to Z, jerry Yudelson).
4.
Provide for 30% increased ventilation above code levels, or natural
ventilation of indoor work areas, to increas the amount of healthy air in
the building. (Source:Green Building A to Z, jerry Yudelson).
5.
Hemingway, especially, had been everywhere to africa,
spain, cuba, and wyoming. (Source: You Can’t make this stuff up, Lee gutkind).
6.
Once i thought i was going to become a great american novelist. My heroes were Ernest hemingway, philip Roth,Joseph
heller and norman mailer, among others, typical and predictable for a
jewish boy growing up in the 1950s and 1960s at a time when, as
tom wolfe has pointed
out, the novel was “King’ of american literature. (Source: You Can’t make this
stuff up, Lee gutkind).
mungkin sampai disini saja pembahasannya, semoga bermanfaat ya :')
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